Item 84-153 MAMA Worth StudyDATE: November 21, 1984
TO: All Managers, Administrators, Elected Officials
FROM: William Joynes
Chairman, MAMA General Labor Relations Committee
RE: MAMA Joint Comparable Worth Study
As many of you are aware, three months ago the Metropolitan Area Management
Association undertook a project to determine whether or not suburban cities
could jointly produce a study that would comply with comparable worth legisla-
tion enacted in the 1984 session. At that time, we asked cities to indicate
whether or not they would be willing to fund on an equal basis, our investiga-
tion into that possibility. Some 57 communities agreed to do so at a cost of
approximately $200 per city. We estimated that amount would be required to
develop our request for proposals and to screen various consulting organizations
who might wish to bid on such a joint venture.
Our desire to approach the study jointly was based on two reasons: First, the
historical effort that MAMA has made in comparing wages and fringe benefits, and
the success we have had in keeping their levels consistent in the metro area.
Secondly, we felt that it was preferable for all MAMA cities to have used a com-
mon approach in the event that future litigation occurs.
We are now at a point where a committee of managers made up of myself, Bob
Thistle from Coon Rapids, Jim Miller from Minnetonka, Jim Brimeyer from St.
Louis Park, and Jim Lacina from Woodbury, with support from Labor Relations
Associates, is recommending to the 57 cities the selection of Control Data
Corporation Business Advisors as the vendor to accomplish the job evaluation
study mandated by State law. A summary of the proposal is attached for your
information.
At a December 4, 1984 meeting of MAMA managers and administrators each of the 57
cities will be asked to indicate if they prefer to continue jointly or proceed
on their own with a separate study. To help cities make that decision, I have
attempted to provide more detailed background information on the screening pro-
cess, the rationale for the selection of CDC and the anticipated costs for the
joint approach.
SCREENING PROCESS
We began in August of this year by sending out a generally worded RFP to 18
firms locally and nationally who had done job evaluation work in the private and
public sector. We received ten responses from the initial request. After a
considerable amount of evaluation, six firms were selected to be interviewed
further. They included Haye Associates, Towers - Perrin - Forster and Crosby,
Control Data Corporation, Arthur Young and Associates, Hewitt and Associates,
Hallcrest- Craver Associates.
Those interviews were conducted in October at the League offices by the RFP com-
mittee and members of the staff of the League of Minnesota Cities. At the
conclusion of that process, three firms were felt to merit further scrutiny.
They were Haye Associates, Towers - Perrin - Forster and Crosby, and Control Data
Corporation. It was felt that Arthur Young and Associates and Hewitt and
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Associates, while providing a viable approach to job evaluation, did not present
a system that would fully satisfy the requirements of Minnesota law. Hallcrest-
Craver was eliminated because we felt that with their staffing and current com-
mitments, a timely product might be a problem.
After that interview, the RFP committee developed a more detailed and specific
RFP, copies of which were sent to all interested cities. The three consulting
firms were asked to make a second presentation which took place on November 6,
1984: Invited to that meeting were all the representatives of organized labor
represented in the MAMA communities, representatives from private employee asso-
ciations and any managers or administrators who wished to attend. At the
conclusion of the interview, the selection committee was unanimously in favor of
recommending the CDC system. The CDC proposal at $345,000 was, admittedly, the
most expensive proposal we received; however, the unanimous feeling of the com-
mittee was that it was the one proposal that we felt would provide the best and
most legitimate results and would be the most easily maintained system over a
period of years.
RATIONALE FOR DECISION
I would like to briefly discuss some of the thoughts of the committee regarding
the selection of CDC which I hope will explain why that choice was made. First
and foremost, the Control Data Corporation proposal offers to do job evaluations
on all of a given city's positions. We originally thought the cost of doing
such a study to be prohibitive, and had suggested in the RFP that an evaluation
study that included 25 benchmark jobs would be more appropriate. CDC bid that
benchmark study but added that for a nominal additional charge, it would be a
simple task to do all of the positions in all cities. CDC Business Advisors'
computer capability makes the extension of the study to all individual positions
in each city, a relatively simple matter. The other consulting proposals did
not offer that capability.
A very strong argument for the selection of CDC was the extent of the data
offered as an end product. First and foremost, after the study was completed,
CDC would provide each city with an evaluation report ranking their specific
employees based on a comparable worth scale. In addition, the MAMA cities would
receive a composite benchmark study which would provide evaluations throughout
the metro area for those jobs which were similar. An example would be that a
city would be given a relative point value for the position of patrol officer
within its own organization, and would also have the data to compare that point
value to a metropolitan average and to specific patrol positions in neighboring
cities. This was felt to be a tremendous labor relation - personnel tool for all
cities and something beyond what we thought we would receive from the comparable
worth study.
Another very attractive feature of the CDC proposal was its ability to be
updated. Once the initial study was completed and in place, the system would be
able to provide, at a very nominal cost, adjustments over the years. For
example, if a city created a new position or added responsibilities to an
existing job, a new questionnaire could be filled out and submitted to CDC
outlining the tasks that position would perform. CDC Business Advisors would
recompute the job evaluation rankings for that city and provide a new point
value for the position.
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Their estimate of what it would cost to re- evaluate a specific position or
incorporate a new one into the city, was $5 to $7 per occurrence. The other two
proposals did not offer such a capability.
Finally, a word about the conceptual framework of the CDC proposal. Their job
evaluation study is one that is referred to as a task evaluation approach as
opposed to a whole job evaluation approach which was proposed by the other two
firms. In a task evaluation, jobs are broken down into many small functional
tasks and those tasks are rated and a point total derived. A specific job and
its relative worth compared to other jobs in an organization is determined by
the total of its task values. In the whole job evaluation approach, the job,
not individual tasks, is rated on its relative worth in various categories.
With this method, certain jobs may have an inherent bias due to preconceived
ideas about their complexity or difficulty. An example might be an evaluation
of a bomb disposal officer. Most people's initial reaction is that the job is
worth a great deal because of the element of danger involved. When you evaluate
the job on a "whole job" basis, that danger factor tends to expand into all the
areas that you may be using to rank the worth of the job. In fact, the danger
in bomb disposal work may be present only once in a great while, and the
majority of the job may be very routine and non - dangerous. The task approach
eliminates this type of halo effect because each separate function is evaluated.
In our example, the bomb disposal officer would be given fairly high points for
certain tasks like the diffusion of a bomb, but may receive routine marks for
other tasks associated with the work he or she would perform. The net result is
to provide a more accurate point total for all jobs surveyed.
For the reasons listed above, the committee felt unanimously that the CDC propo-
sal offered
COST OF THE PROPOSAL
Many cities have called requesting to know the estimated cost per city of the
CDC system prior to the December 4 meeting. At this time, it is not possible to
give exact dollar amounts. Obviously the total cost to each city will be depen-
dent to a large extent to how many cities select to cotinue with this joint
approach. Additionally, there are some other factors that will influence the
cost. There is a possibility that quite a large number of out -state cities will
wish to use the comparable worth study that MAMA has developed. We estimate
that 30 additional cities may participate. If they do choose to join us, then
the cost per city could be reduced significantly due to the economies of scale
achieved by a larger group.
We have also been contacted by the Metropolitan Airport Commission, the
Minnesota Utility Association, and the city of Thief River Falls, Wisconsin.
They have all expressed some degree of interest in participating.
While a firm dollar amount is not possible to determine at this time, I can give
you a range of the dollars we are talking about if we make some simple assump-
tions. If the 57 MAMA cities all agree to participate and the charges are based
on a formula which takes into account both a minimum value charged to each city,
and some factor for the number of employees, then the cost would likely range
from approximately $4,000 to cities the size of Osseo and Minnetrista, to an
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amount somewhere around $15,000 for a city the size of Bloomington. If 25 to 30
outstate cities join in the study, the cost range would be lowered to $3,500 for
small cities up to about $12,500 for a city of size of Bloomington.
CONCLUSION
We have asked that representatives of the 57 MAMA cities attend a meeting on
December 4 at 10:00 AM at the Brooklyn Center City Hall to provide us with a
decision as to their intent to participate or not with the MAMA study. We
realize that some cities will not be able to make firm committments due to the
fact that their councils may not meet before that date. It is my hope that with
the information provided you will be able to give us a good indication of what
your city intends to do. A similar meeting has been scheduled for members of
the Coalition of Outstate Cities on December 19 at 1:30 PM at the Golden Valley
City Hall.
Those of us on the committee have spent many hours involved in this selection
process. We believe that CDC proposal represents the best option for us to meet
the requirements of State law and will provide us with a personnel and labor
relations tool which far exceeds what we expected to obtain through this pro-
cess.
We strongly recommend that member cities join in the study.
Metropolitan Area Management Association
Compensation Study
Process Summary
The plan for development and implementation of a FOCAS (Flexible
Occupational Analysis System) job analysis and evaluation system
for 25 benchmark jobs defined by the MAMA Committee and for
subsequent evaluation of MAMA member cities' non - benchmark jobs is
summarized below.
FO is a questionnaire -based job analysis and evaluation
system. FOCAS has been developed to provide accurate and
comprehensive information about jobs to support effective human
resource management.
The first step in the process is to develop questionnaires to be
used to gather information about what employees do. We will use
one questionnaire for each occupational group. The MAMA Committee
will identify one subject matter expert and an advisory group from
each occupational group to work with Business Advisors. These
individuals will provide their job content expertise throughout
questionnaire development and job evaluation, and should be very
knowledgeable about jobs in their occupational area. Business
Advisors, together with a team of MAMA member cities' Personnel
Directors, will develop preliminary questionnaires based upon
existing job descriptions and the Business Advisors data bank of
task items. The Personnel Director team will identify and
schedule employee workshops to be conducted jointly with Business
Advisors, to modify preliminary questionnaires. Questionnaires
will be finalized with the advisory group for that occupational
area.
Second, Personnel Directors will schedule and conduct meetings
with employees for them to complete the questionnaire for their
occupational group. In filling out questionnaires, employees will
indicate for each task that they do or do not perform it and how
much time they spend on tasks performed relative to other tasks.
Third, Business Advisors will provide data entry from the
questionnaires and provide computer - generated position
descriptions for each employee who filled out a questionnaire.
This is a listing of tasks performed with time spent percentages.
The supervisor and employee will review and verify or modify the
position description. The Personnel Director team will collect
and return all modified position descriptions to Business
Advisors. Business Advisors will provide data entry and return
revised position descriptions to the Personnel Director team for
distribution to supervisors /employees. These will serve as final
position descriptions.
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Fourth, Business Advisors will provide average, or benchmark, job
descriptions for the 25 benchmark jobs identified by the MAMA
committee. Personnel Directors will identify employees making up
the benchmark. Subject matter experts and advisory groups will
work with Business Advisors to finalize descriptions.
The fifth step in the process, task valuing, begins at the same
time as the second. Business Advisors will work with the
Personnel Director team, subject matter experts and advisory
groups to set up the task valuing process. The Personnel Director
team will identify and schedule managers for valuing meetings.
Business Advisors will conduct valuing meetings. In valuing
tasks, managers will rate all tasks about which they are
knowledgeable, according to one factor, complexity, importance or
unfavorability. Business Advisors will review average task values
with the subject matter expert and the advisory group to finalize
values. Factor weights will be statistically computed by Business
Advisors and finalized with the subject matter expert and advisory
group.
The sixth step is to combine results of the completed
questionnaires with task values to determine job value. Business
Advisors' computer analysis will compute job value by multiplying
time spent on tasks times task value and sum the products to
produce a point total. Business Advisors will provide job values
for the twenty -five benchmark jobs to the MAMA committee.
Step seven is to collect and analyze wage and benefit data from
public and private sector labor markets. The MAMA committee will
identify available surveys and work with Business Advisors to
define appropriate markets and to determine if a specialized
salary survey is desirable. If so, Business Advisors will conduct
a specialized salary survey. Final job hierarchies will be
constructed based upon job values and market data.
The eighth step is to analyze relationships among job values,
current pay rates and market data. Business Advisors will provide
an analysis and alternative strategies for addressing pay
discrepancies.
Ninth, Business Advisors will provide individual job evaluation
points to the member cities.
Finally, Business Advisors will provide a report of methodology
and results and meet with the MAMA committee to present the
report.
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